Caracterización de la dormición de diferentes materiales genéticos de papa (Solanum tuberosum) y su respuesta al ambiente de almacenamiento

The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of potato seed management by studying dormancy and its evolution during the storage of three different genetic materials (INIA Kiyú, Red Magic and INIA Arequita). The effect of three contrasting environments (shed, 20 °C and 30 °C) on the dormancy of seed tubers was analyzed. Different evaluations were carried out: weight loss, dormancy rupture (through the use of thermal time), sprouting and sprouting type and sprout growth rate. Weight loss was greater in the environments of 20 °C (Biotrón) and 30 °C (solarium) compared to the shed. The duration of dormancy was affected by the variety and the temperature of the storage environments, with INIA Kiyú being the genetic material with the lesser dormancy, needing fewer days (33 days) to reach 80% sprouting (reference threshold) followed by INIA Arequita and Red Magic. Additionally, it was a clear difference between 20 and 30 °C environments (chamber and solarium respectively) compared to the shed. In the latter it was not possible to release dormancy, achieving low percentages of sprouting towards the end of the experiment. The type of sprouting was affected by the storage environment. At 30 °C, multiple sprouting was stimulated. INIA Kiyú and Red Magic showed more tendency to multiple sprouting, on the other hand, INIA Arequita had more apical dominance 87%, 71% y 44% a los 36, 41 y 48 DDi respectively. Regarding the growth rate, the controlled environments (chamber and solarium) stimulated the growth of sprouts in the seed tubers compared to the shed. Longer shoots were obtain at 20 °C compared with 30° C environments.